Perceptual Evaluation of Headphone Compensation in Binaural Synthesis Based on Non-Individual Recordings
نویسندگان
چکیده
The headphone transfer function (HpTF) is a major source of spectral coloration observable in binaural synthesis. Filters for frequency response compensation can be derived from measured HpTFs. Therefore, we developed a method for measuring HpTFs reliably at the blocked ear canal. Subsequently, we compared non-individual dynamic binaural simulations based on recordings from a head and torso simulator (HATS) directly to reality, assessing the effect of non-individual, generic, and individual headphone compensation in listening tests. Additionally, we tested improvements of the regularization scheme of an LMS inversion algorithm, the effect of minimum phase inverse filters, and the reproduction of low frequencies by a subwoofer. Results suggest that while using non-individual binaural recordings the HpTF of the individual used for the recordings – typically a HATS – should be used for headphone compensation.
منابع مشابه
Perceptual evaluation of individual headphone compensation in binaural synthesis based on non-individual recordings
The headphone transfer function (HpTF) is one major source of spectral coloration that occurs in non-individual binaural synthesis. Filters for frequency response compensation can be derived from measurements of HpTFs. Therefore, a reliable method for measuring at the blocked ear canal had to be developed. Subsequently, in comparing dynamic binaural simulations directly to reality we could asse...
متن کاملEvidence-based Design of Individually Customized Binaural Technology: Iterative Perceptual Validation of a Virtual Auditory Display System
Laboratory studies of virtual auditory display (VAD) systems have dominated the evaluation of individually customized binaural technology, that is, an evaluation to reveal whether an application is working for individual listeners when care has been taken to make the system work for each of them as best as possible. The studies reviewed in this paper attempted to move away from strict laborator...
متن کاملExperiments on the loudness-transfer of headphone-based virtual acoustics
Binaural synthesis is a virtual-acoustics technology based on the convolution of sound signals with impulse responses modeling the propagation paths between sources and listener. The convolution products are typically presented by headphones. The frequency-dependent correction level necessary for a binauralsynthesis system to elicit the reference-scene loudness is referred to as loudnesstransfe...
متن کاملPerceptually Robust Headphone Equalization for Binaural Reproduction
Headphones must always be adequately equalized when used for reproducing binaural signals if they are to deliver high perceptual plausibility. However, the transfer function between headphones and ear drums (HpTF) varies quite heavily with the headphone fitting for high frequencies, thus even small displacements of the headphone after equalization will lead to irregularities in the resulting fr...
متن کاملBinaural Technique – Past and Present
The main idea of binaural technique is to reproduce the complete auditive experience of a human listener. In theory, this is achieved by recording and reproducing the two signals at the listener’s left and right eardrum. In binaural technology, first steps were made in the 1880s especially in the field of recordings. Over the decades this technology has evolved significantly. However, some chal...
متن کامل